EasternOrthodox's picture

EasternOrthodox

image

The murky finances and paranoia about the west in the Greek Orthodox Church

Victoria Clark, a British reporter who wrote an excellent about Eastern Orthodoxy, called "Why Angels Fall", situates the great divide in Europe not between Protestants and Catholics (who she regards as merely variants on a theme) but the divide between Catholic/Protestant Europe and Orthodox Europe.

 

It is complicated by the fact that many of the Orthodox countries spent centuries as part of the Ottoman Empire, from which they briefly escaped, only to fall into the clutches of Stalin and Communism.   So they have not had the stability that Western Europe has had.

 

There is a certain paranoia among the Orthodox (you don't see in the church I attend in Victoria BC, where the services are all in English and half the people are converts), in which they resent what they call "The West."   They still remember the sack of Byzantium in the Crusades.   They are furious are about the Catholic church "poaching" their members by introducting the "Eastern Rite Catholic" -- i.e., you can keep your rites and rituals intact, but just switch allegiance to the Pope!

 

Notice the paranoid comment in the article below.

 

I noticed this article from Le Monde (Paris), translated by PressEuropa.

 

http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/993001-church-fortune-remain-sacrosanct

 

Church fortune to remain sacrosanct

 26 September 2011
Le Monde
Paris
 

The Church and the Greek monasteries will not pay the new highly unpopular property tax which was hastily drummed up on Sunday, 11 September, by the Greek government in a bid to meet the fiscal targets set by bail-out fund donors. In response to the outcry generated by this news, however, a spokesman for the Ministry of Finance declared that “the Church will be taxed on the property it operates commercially," although houses of worship and charities will remain exempt. But the trouble is that the boundaries between these different types of assets are sometimes blurred and the books of the Orthodox Church are far from transparent.

 

The wealth of the Church is still a taboo subject in Greece. “Its income is taxable, but there are two big problems,” warns Polikarpos Karamouzis, Professor of the Sociology of Religion at the Aegean University in Rhodes. “There is no economic system that could chart its true revenues, and no one knows the extent of its properties, because there is no central land registry."

This suits both the Church and the State, “since politicians do not have to take on the Orthodox authorities," says Stefanos Manos, an independent member of the Greek parliament and one of the few politicians to request a separation of church and state. "The Church of Greece is a national church”, explains Polikarpos Karamouzis. “This means there is a political connection between the church and the state that has given the church its privileges. The Church’s spiritual role is closely tied to its political role, which keeps alive some confusion among the faithful and citizens, and that is what is being exploited by vote-hungry politicians." 

Clergy paid by the state

The priests are shapers of public opinion that politicians prefer not to offend. In a text distributed to all parishes in December 2010, the Holy Synod of thirteen bishops denounced the "troika" – the representatives of the International Monetary Fund, the European Commission and European Central Bank – as a "foreign occupation” force.

The Orthodox Church is one of the pillars of the Greek nation – a country where the Constitution was written "in the name of the Holy Trinity, a trinity consubstantial (i.e. one essence, one nature) and indivisible," and one where priests come to schools on the first day of a new academic year to bless the pupils. They also bless new parliaments too. Catechism is taught in public schools, and people of all ages make the sign of the cross when they pass by churches.

In March 2010, George Papandreou’s Socialist government decided to levy a tax on churches of up to 20 percent on commercial income and between five and ten percent for reported donations. The 10,000 priests and bishops are paid by the state, at a budgetary outlay of 220 million euros a year.

Former finance minister, George Papaconstantinou, had planned to cut back on the state’s participation in the clergy’s salaries, but as soon as the news filtered out the government’s willpower evaporated. Current finance minister Evangélos Venizélos, who is very close to the Orthodox community, has no such ambitions.

Church's wealth "a myth"?

The controversy stirred by the exemption from this new tax pushed the church to venture forth from the quiet of its cloisters, and on Friday, Sept. 16 it published the amount of tax it pays. Its directorate for Economic Services affirmed that in 2010 it paid 2.5 million euros in taxes on rental income and revenues. It also revealed that it owns thirty properties in Athens (six of which are unoccupied) and fourteen in Thessaloniki.

In response to increasingly common attacks on the issue of Church property, the Archbishop of Athens, Hieronymus, the highest authority of the Orthodox Church in Greece, has responded by insisting that the wealth of the Church is "a myth". He further argues that in the wake of numerous confiscations of its property, the Church now has only four percent of the assets it held before the Greek revolution of 1821.

Newspapers have published a number of stories on the fortunes of the Orthodox Church. According to Kathimerini (centre-right), its assets amounted to 700 million euros in 2008, while Stefanos Manos, a former Minister of Economy, has estimated them at over one billion euros. In the context of these figures, which have not been officially confirmed, the 2.5 million euros paid by the Church does seem small.

At the same time, these estimates only take into account one part of the ecclesiastical assets, which is directly managed by the central services of the Church. They do not include property owned by parishes, some of which are very rich. Nor do they take into account property directly owned by the 80 Greek bishops who enjoy substantial autonomy, or, the assets of 450 monasteries, whether dependent on the Church of Greece or not (like those of Mount Athos, which have a separate status). For completeness, we should also mention the property owned in Greece by the Orthodox patriarchates of Constantinople, Jerusalem and Alexandria.

Greece's second largest landowner

With 130,000 hectares, the Church is the second largest landowner in the country (after the Greek state). As Vassilis Meichanetsidis of the Communications Service of the Archdiocese of Athens  points out, much of "this is forest land, on terrain that is unsuitable for building," but Church holdings also include buildings in uptown Athens and in the wealthy seaside suburbs south of the capital.

The church owns a 1.5 percent stake in the National Bank of Greece and has a representative on the board, the Metropolitan of Ioannina, Theoklitos, who according to the financial magazine Forbes received 24,000 euros in attendance fees in 2008.

Even bare terrain can bring in business. The monks of the rich monastery of Penteli, north of Athens, are looking to investors for one billion euros to exploit some of their mountain by turning it into a photovoltaic park to capture solar energy. This is the new official strategy of the Church: to rent out its property for the benefit of its charities. In 2010 the Church spent over 100 million euros on charitable activities, which have increased in the crisis. "In Athens we provide 10,000 to 12,000 meals every day," explains Vassilis Meichanetsidis.

But the philanthropic outreach of the Orthodox Church is relatively new and has taken some blows. In 2010, it was forced to shut down and change the name of its Solidarity charity due to very poor management.

 

 

Share this

Comments

Alex's picture

Alex

image

We certainly do not hear a lot about Orthodox Churches, and their different and important views on Christianity and Christian theology.  

 

I am afraid that the problem you mentioned above, is really not much different in western Churches. It just seems that they might only be different in that Churches in the Eastern part of Europe, are not as used to having democratic and public opinion inform their ways of operating. We are use to this in the west, but still public opinion does not influence the western churches as much. Western churches still has loads of property, and they are tax exempt.

 

 A United Church in Ottawa operates a very lucrative downtown parking lot, a popular concert hall and other commercial activities, in  spaces I suspect they  mostly only use on Sundays. I do not know what they use the money for, I suspect it goes into the general budget, to support the church. Other than their revenue producing activities, they are not involved in the surrounding neighbourhood., as like other downtown church their members are largely made up of well to do people from outside the community, who help create more green house gases, by driving long distances to go to church downtown, rather than in their neighbourhood. 

 

Should it be exempt from property tax. Perhaps they do some charitable activities, just as the Greeks do not know about their churches, finances I do not know about this one.  I suspect the tax benefit just subsidies the well to do, so they do not have to pay the full value of having a nice building to go to church in.

 

I believe Churches in Canada, should pay property taxes and other taxes that not for profits do.  I think it would be good for the churches and good for society. In Ottawa for example, property taxes would either force the congregation to shut down, or allow the locals to be included, who could use the church to support the community. 

EasternOrthodox's picture

EasternOrthodox

image

I didn't UCC was running a parking lot!   winkLOL!

 

Yes, you are probably right that in Eastern Europe people are not as used to democratic questioning and what-not.   However, in those places that were formerly communist, the Church has had to start over.  

 

I am sure they had extensive holdings prior to the communists, but now I think they just have their buildings and a few monasteries.   Actually, now I think of it, the ones in the Ottoman Empire probably did not have much. But in pre-1917 Russia the Orthodox Church had a lot of property and wealth.

 

Greece was never communist however, so it different.  It still sounds suspicious to me.   There is no transparency, there is no central land registry!

 

I will keep watching this story.

qwerty's picture

qwerty

image

Just as a matter of interest, back in 2004, Bartholomew, the Eastern Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, accepted the pope's apology for the sacking of his city by crusaders in the 13th century.

EasternOrthodox's picture

EasternOrthodox

image

QWERTY:  thank you for that bit of information.  

 

I am quite sure the majority of modern Catholics or Protestants are in no way anti-Orthodox, if they even think of them at all.

 

I (as an Orthodox Christian) found this statement from the above article particularly alarming:

 

In a text distributed to all parishes in December 2010, the Holy Synod of thirteen bishops denounced the "troika" – the representatives of the International Monetary Fund, the European Commission and European Central Bank – as a "foreign occupation” force.

 

Victoria Clark talked about this undercurrent in her book too.   It was mostly restricted to a hard-core minority, but many of those, unfortunately, were clergy, including bishops (not all of them, of course).

 

In most Orthodox countries there are huge numbers of agnostics and atheists, just as there are in the West.   See my latest post under "Financial Crisis" for how some Greeks are dealing with the crisis in their country (they don't very religious).

qwerty's picture

qwerty

image

The Greek Orthodox Church stands apart from the Greek population insofar as culture is concerned.  This may not necessarily be a bad thing as Greek society in general has become cynical, atomistic and corrupt.  The separateness of the Church  may not be so much a function of secrecy as of society having strayed and lost sight of the values the Church may have represented in the past.  Admittedly the Vatopaedi Monastery scandal shows that if Greek society is no longer incorporating the values of the monastery into its national character, the Greek national character is creeping into the monastery.  

 

There is a very good article in Vanity Fair on the Greek financial debacle and on the Vatopaedi monastery crisis which brought down the Karamanlis government and how it illustrates the problems rampant in Greece.

 

The title of the article is "Beware of Greeks Bearing Bonds" It was written almost a year ago exactly (and now it seems prophetic).  

 

The link is http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/10/greeks-bearing-bonds-201010#gotopage1

EasternOrthodox's picture

EasternOrthodox

image

I saw that article and in fact, wrote a whole post on it several months ago.   Scandalous indeed.   And very discouraging.

 

Thank you for putting the link here, I was thinking of doing so myself, you have saved me the trouble.    If you see anything else, please post it.

 

Orthodoxy is kind of low-interest topic so these scandals do not get into the Main stream media much.   The focus on Greece due to the Eurozone crisis may change that a bit.

Alex's picture

Alex

image

Actually I have never paid much attention to orthodox until I became friends with an American of Dutch and Indian ancestry, whose parents were from Indonesia. He  was studying to become a Priest in the Ukrainian Orthodox church. Since he was "unique" we got along well. he even helped me organise a group at School to participate in the Aids Walk.  

 

The vanity Fair article was fascinating. Corruption exists in all cultures and churches. One of the problems I have is to distinguish between what is corrupt, or human, and what is real or authentic. We often mistake the actions of a member of a religious group, for the religion's theology. As you said Orthodox churches in North America have similar theology as those in Europe, but the culture, and their problems are different due to their culture and place in history.

 

Did you know or does anyone else know the connection between the early Church in Scotland and or Ireland and  Eastern Christians,. They somehow influenced the first Scottish Christians.  Someone once told me that there was a connection between Scottish Christianity and Orthodoxy because the first Missionaries were somehow influence by Eastern Christians, more than they were by Roman Christians.

EasternOrthodox's picture

EasternOrthodox

image

Alex, I will dig through my books on Orthodoxy and see if I can find any info.

 

Meanwhile, I draw your attention to this article, on denying the Sbrenica Massacre.  What does this have to do with Greek Orthodoxy?

 

Well, the Sbrenica massacre was carried out by Serbs, and some clergy and even bishops in the Serbian Orthodox Church were quietly encouraging the Serbs in their genocidal attacks on Bosnians (they did not dare be too obvious, lest other Christians disown them).   Unfortunately, some clergy and bishops in the Greek Orthodox Church were supporting their Serbian brethren too.    This is just disgusting.  

 

Victoria Clark mentioned this too.   It was not everyone, of course.  

 

The article is about political leftists denying Sbrenica, but there is all too much of that is Serbia and Greece too.

 

http://martinshaw.org/2011/06/15/left-wing-genocide-denial/

EasternOrthodox's picture

EasternOrthodox

image

SEX SCANDAL AT NEW YORK MONASTERY 

 

Includes pregnant nun, group sex. Nothing done by half measures in the Orthodox Church.  My take: trying to enforce celibacy doesn't work.

 

(Note: Orthodoxy permits priests to marry.  Only the bishops and other upper management must be celibate).   Fortunately, they have less access to children.

 

http://www.pokrov.org/display.asp?ds=Article&id=1534

 

Bishop ​Vikentios Levels Shocking Charges Against Metropolitan Paisios

Author: Theodore Kalmoukos

Date Published: 12/17/2010

Publication: The National Herald (USA)

 

NEW YORK - Bishop Vikentios of Apameia has made stunning allegations about Metropolitan Paisios of Tyana tenure at the Saint Irene Chrysovalantou Monastery and its Dependencies in Astoria, N.Y., including charges that the Metropolitan sexually abused the Bishop’s brother, Spyros Malamatenios, who was 17 at the time.

 

In a long interview with The National Herald, Bishop Vikentios (Malamatenios), a close associate of Metropolitan Paisios (Loulourgas) for 40 years and co-founder of the Monastery, outlined a sordid tale of sex and other alleged wrongdoings. In the lengthy interview - which was taken on tape - live and unconditionally at the Headquarters of TNH in New York, Bishop Vikentios made revelations of alleged serious excesses by the Metropolitan, including that he was involved with people of both sexes, including the young nun, Christonymphi, who now has given up the Monastic vows and talked to the police. Bishop Vikentios also revealed that, according to his information, the former nun had been pregnant but did not know by whom. Simultaneously, Bishop Vikentios asked “forgiveness from the victims’ of Paisios,” at least one of whom, Andreas Georgiou, is already launching a lawsuit against the Monastery and the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Other alleged victims are expected to follow.

 

The Metropolitan left the Monastery after submitting two letters of resignation in October, citing health reasons, and returned to Athens, Greece. TNH called him at his residence there on Dec. 11 to give him the opportunity to comment on the allegations and the Bishop’s entire interview, but when the Metropolitan heard who the call was from he hung up the phone.

 

Bishop Vikentios confirmed reports that a gun was found by the Patriarchal Exarchy in the room of Metropolitan Paisios and that he also sold the golden offerings known as tamata of the faithful at the Monastery’s Greek festival, also taking much of the gold to Greece, which was melted and made hierarchical crosses and pictorials. Bishop Vikentios alleged that even his own life is at risk. He stated that based on the Charter granted by the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the Chrysovalantou Monastery, and also according to New York State’s regulations governing the Legal Corporation of the Chrysovalantou Monastery, both interim Abbots appointed by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, Metropolitan Evangelos of New Jersey and Bishop Elias of Philomilion, are considered illegal. Vikentios said he believes that the Monastery will be driven into bankruptcy due to economic decline, and called Metropolitan Evangelos’ behavior toward him as “completely unbecoming” upon Evangelos’ coming to his residence at the church of St. Nectarios in Brooklyn, on Dec. 6, which he said could result in the arrest of Metropolitan Evangelos by the police.

 

Bishop Vikentios also said that the money delivered by the former nun Christonymphi to the Astoria Police Station he believes belongs to the Monastery and not Paisios.

 

He also talked about the role of a man identified as Konstantinos B., said to have uncovered the scandal, and who allegedly also participated in group sex events with Metropolitan Paisios. The man was said to have given that testimony to the police and the FBI. Here are some excerpts of the extensive revelatory interview of Bishop Vikentios, which will be published in its entirely in Greek in the weekly Magazine of The National Herald’s edition f Dec. 17-18.

 

 

 

Back to Global Issues topics
cafe